Solomon (Sulayman)

سليمان

c. 970–930 BCE

Son of Dawud (David). Given extraordinary wisdom, knowledge of the speech of birds and ants, and authority over jinn and wind. Built the great Temple in Jerusalem. Famous for his encounter with the Queen of Sheba (Bilqis).

Timeline

970 BCE

Inherits kingdom from David

وراثة ملك داود

Succeeds his father David as king and prophet of Israel

966 BCE

Granted wisdom by God

هبة الحكمة

God offers Solomon anything he desires; he asks for wisdom and discernment

960 BCE

Builds the Temple

بناء الهيكل

Constructs the magnificent Temple in Jerusalem as a house of worship

955 BCE

Commands jinn and wind

تسخير الجن والريح

God subjects the jinn and wind to Solomon's command; they build and dive for him

950 BCE

Understands speech of birds and ants

منطق الطير والنمل

Solomon understands the language of birds and ants, a gift from God

945 BCE

Encounter with Queen of Sheba

لقاء ملكة سبأ

The Queen of Sheba (Bilqis) visits Solomon, witnesses his wisdom, and submits to God

930 BCE

Death

الوفاة

Solomon dies leaning on his staff; the jinn do not realize until a creature eats through it

Scripture Comparison

Theme الموضوع	Quran القرآن الكريم	Torah / Old Testament التوراة	New Testament العهد الجديد	Talmud / Midrash التلمود / المدراش	Book of Mormon كتاب مورمون	Avesta الأفستا	Gnostic Texts النصوص الغنوصية
Gift of Wisdom هبة الحكمة	An-Naml 27:15-19 وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ عِلْمًا ۖ وَقَالَا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي فَضَّلَنَا عَلَىٰ كَثِيرٍ مِّنْ عِبَادِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿١٥﴾ وَوَرِثَ سُلَيْمَانُ دَاوُودَ ۖ وَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عُلِّمْنَا مَنطِقَ الطَّيْرِ وَأُوتِينَا مِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ ۖ إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَهُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْمُبِينُ ﴿١٦﴾ وَحُشِرَ لِسُلَيْمَانَ جُنُودُهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ وَالطَّيْرِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ ﴿١٧﴾ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَتَوْا عَلَىٰ وَادِ النَّمْلِ قَالَتْ نَمْلَةٌ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّمْلُ ادْخُلُوا مَسَاكِنَكُمْ لَا يَحْطِمَنَّكُمْ سُلَيْمَانُ وَجُنُودُهُ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ ﴿١٨﴾ فَتَبَسَّمَ ضَاحِكًا مِّن قَوْلِهَا وَقَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَدْخِلْنِي بِرَحْمَتِكَ فِي عِبَادِكَ الصَّالِحِينَ ﴿١٩﴾ And We had certainly given to David and Solomon knowledge, and they said, "Praise [is due] to Allah, who has favored us over many of His believing servants." (15) And Solomon inherited David. He said, "O people, we have been taught the language of birds, and we have been given from all things. Indeed, this is evident bounty." (16) And gathered for Solomon were his soldiers of the jinn and men and birds, and they were [marching] in rows. (17) Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, "O ants, enter your dwellings that you not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they perceive not." (18) So [Solomon] smiled, amused at her speech, and said, "My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by Your mercy into [the ranks of] Your righteous servants." (19)	1 Kings 3:5-12 فِي جِبْعُونَ تَرَاءَى الرَّبُّ لِسُلَيْمَانَ فِي حُلْمٍ لَيْلًا، وَقَالَ اللهُ: «اسْأَلْ مَاذَا أُعْطِيكَ». فَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: «فَأَعْطِ عَبْدَكَ قَلْبًا فَهِيمًا لأَحْكُمَ عَلَى شَعْبِكَ وَأُمَيِّزَ بَيْنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ». فَحَسُنَ الْكَلاَمُ فِي عَيْنَيِ الرَّبِّ. فَقَالَ لَهُ اللهُ: «مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تَسْأَلْ لِنَفْسِكَ أَيَّامًا كَثِيرَةً وَلاَ سَأَلْتَ لِنَفْسِكَ غِنًى وَلاَ سَأَلْتَ أَنْفُسَ أَعْدَائِكَ، بَلْ سَأَلْتَ لِنَفْسِكَ تَمْيِيزًا لِتَفْهَمَ الْحُكْمَ، هُوَذَا قَدْ فَعَلْتُ حَسَبَ كَلاَمِكَ. هُوَذَا أَعْطَيْتُكَ قَلْبًا حَكِيمًا وَفَهِيمًا حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِثْلُكَ قَبْلَكَ وَلاَ يَقُومُ بَعْدَكَ نَظِيرُكَ». At Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon during the night in a dream, and God said, "Ask for whatever you want me to give you." Solomon answered, "Give your servant a discerning heart to govern your people and to distinguish between right and wrong." The Lord was pleased that Solomon had asked for this. So God said to him, "Since you have asked for this and not for long life or wealth for yourself, nor have asked for the death of your enemies but for discernment in administering justice, I will do what you have asked. I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been anyone like you, nor will there ever be."	Matthew 12:42 مَلِكَةُ التَّيْمَنِ سَتَقُومُ فِي الدِّينِ مَعَ هذَا الْجِيلِ وَتَدِينُهُ، لأَنَّهَا أَتَتْ مِنْ أَقَاصِي الأَرْضِ لِتَسْمَعَ حِكْمَةَ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَهُوَذَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ههُنَا! "The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to listen to Solomon's wisdom, and now something greater than Solomon is here."	—	—	—	—
Queen of Sheba ملكة سبأ	An-Naml 27:22-23, 38-40, 44 فَمَكَثَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ فَقَالَ أَحَطتُ بِمَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ وَجِئْتُكَ مِن سَبَإٍ بِنَبَإٍ يَقِينٍ ﴿٢٢﴾ إِنِّي وَجَدتُّ امْرَأَةً تَمْلِكُهُمْ وَأُوتِيَتْ مِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَلَهَا عَرْشٌ عَظِيمٌ ﴿٢٣﴾ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ أَيُّكُمْ يَأْتِينِي بِعَرْشِهَا قَبْلَ أَن يَأْتُونِي مُسْلِمِينَ ﴿٣٨﴾ قَالَ عِفْرِيتٌ مِّنَ الْجِنِّ أَنَا آتِيكَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَن تَقُومَ مِن مَّقَامِكَ ﴿٣٩﴾ قَالَ الَّذِي عِندَهُ عِلْمٌ مِّنَ الْكِتَابِ أَنَا آتِيكَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَن يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْكَ طَرْفُكَ ﴿٤٠﴾ قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَأَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ سُلَيْمَانَ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ﴿٤٤﴾ But the hoopoe stayed not long and said, "I have encompassed [in knowledge] that which you have not encompassed, and I have come to you from Sheba with certain news. (22) Indeed, I found [there] a woman ruling them, and she has been given of all things, and she has a great throne." (23) [Solomon] said, "O assembly [of jinn], which of you will bring me her throne before they come to me in submission?" (38) A powerful one from among the jinn said, "I will bring it to you before you rise from your place." (39) Said one who had knowledge from the Scripture, "I will bring it to you before your glance returns to you." (40) She said, "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, and I submit with Solomon to Allah, Lord of the worlds." (44)	1 Kings 10:1-7, 9 وَسَمِعَتْ مَلِكَةُ سَبَإٍ بِخَبَرِ سُلَيْمَانَ لاسْمِ الرَّبِّ، فَأَتَتْ لِتَمْتَحِنَهُ بِمَسَائِلَ. فَأَتَتْ إِلَى أُورُشَلِيمَ بِمَوْكِبٍ عَظِيمٍ جِدًّا. وَأَخْبَرَهَا سُلَيْمَانُ بِكُلِّ كَلاَمِهَا. لَمْ يَكُنْ أَمْرٌ مَخْفِيًّا عَنِ الْمَلِكِ لَمْ يُخْبِرْهَا بِهِ. فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ مَلِكَةُ سَبَإٍ كُلَّ حِكْمَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ، لَمْ يَبْقَ فِيهَا رُوحٌ بَعْدُ. فَقَالَتْ لِلْمَلِكِ: «صَحِيحًا كَانَ الْخَبَرُ الَّذِي سَمِعْتُهُ فِي أَرْضِي عَنْ أُمُورِكَ وَعَنْ حِكْمَتِكَ. وَلَمْ أُصَدِّقِ الأَخْبَارَ حَتَّى جِئْتُ وَأَبْصَرَتْ عَيْنَايَ، فَهُوَذَا النِّصْفُ لَمْ أُخْبَرْ بِهِ. لِيَكُنِ الرَّبُّ إِلهُكَ مُبَارَكًا الَّذِي سُرَّ بِكَ وَجَعَلَكَ عَلَى كُرْسِيِّ إِسْرَائِيلَ». When the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon and his relationship to the LORD, she came to test Solomon with hard questions. She came to Jerusalem with a very great caravan. Solomon answered all her questions; nothing was too hard for the king to explain to her. When the queen of Sheba saw all the wisdom of Solomon, she was overwhelmed. She said to the king, "The report I heard in my own country about your achievements and your wisdom is true. But I did not believe these things until I came and saw with my own eyes. Indeed, not even half was told me. Praise be to the LORD your God, who has delighted in you and placed you on the throne of Israel."	—	—	—	—	—
Kingdom of Jinn & Nature ملك الجن والطبيعة	Saba 34:12-14 وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ ۖ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ ۖ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ ۖ وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ ﴿١٢﴾ يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاءُ مِن مَّحَارِيبَ وَتَمَاثِيلَ وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَّاسِيَاتٍ ۚ اعْمَلُوا آلَ دَاوُودَ شُكْرًا ۚ وَقَلِيلٌ مِّنْ عِبَادِيَ الشَّكُورُ ﴿١٣﴾ فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْتَ مَا دَلَّهُمْ عَلَىٰ مَوْتِهِ إِلَّا دَابَّةُ الْأَرْضِ تَأْكُلُ مِنسَأَتَهُ ۖ فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ الْجِنُّ أَن لَّوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ الْغَيْبَ مَا لَبِثُوا فِي الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِ ﴿١٤﴾ And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind — its morning [journey was that of] a month — and its afternoon [journey was that of] a month, and We made flow for him a spring of [liquid] copper. And among the jinn were those who worked for him by the permission of his Lord. (12) They made for him what he willed of elevated chambers, statues, bowls like reservoirs, and stationary kettles. [We said], "Work, O family of David, in gratitude." And few of My servants are grateful. (13) And when We decreed for Solomon death, nothing indicated to the jinn his death except a creature of the earth eating his staff. But when he fell, it became clear to the jinn that if they had known the unseen, they would not have remained in humiliating punishment. (14) Sad 38:30-33, 35-36 وَوَهَبْنَا لِدَاوُودَ سُلَيْمَانَ ۚ نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ ۖ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ﴿٣٠﴾ إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِيِّ الصَّافِنَاتُ الْجِيَادُ ﴿٣١﴾ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَن ذِكْرِ رَبِّي حَتَّىٰ تَوَارَتْ بِالْحِجَابِ ﴿٣٢﴾ قَالَ رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَهَبْ لِي مُلْكًا لَّا يَنبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِّن بَعْدِي ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْوَهَّابُ ﴿٣٥﴾ فَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ الرِّيحَ تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ رُخَاءً حَيْثُ أَصَابَ ﴿٣٦﴾ And to David We gave Solomon. An excellent servant, indeed he was one repeatedly turning back [to Allah]. (30) [Mention] when there were exhibited before him in the afternoon the poised [standing] racehorses. (31) And he said, "Indeed, I gave preference to the love of good [things] over the remembrance of my Lord until the sun disappeared into the curtain [of darkness]." (32) He said, "My Lord, forgive me and grant me a kingdom such as will not belong to anyone after me. Indeed, You are the Bestower." (35) So We subjected to him the wind, blowing by his command, gently, wherever he directed. (36)	—	Matthew 6:29 وَلكِنْ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: إِنَّهُ وَلاَ سُلَيْمَانُ فِي كُلِّ مَجْدِهِ كَانَ يَلْبَسُ كَوَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهَا. "Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor was dressed like one of these."	—	—	—	—
Wisdom & Kingdom الحكمة والملك	—	—	—	Gittin 68a-b سليمان الملك حكم على الإنس والجنّ والحيوان والطير. عندما أراد بناء الهيكل احتاج إلى الشامير (حجر يشقّ الصخر)، فسأل الجنّ. قال له أشمداي: ليس عندي لكنّ لدى أمير البحر. King Solomon ruled over humans, demons, animals, and birds. When he wished to build the Temple, he needed the Shamir (a stone-cutting worm), so he asked the demons. Ashmedai (the demon king) told him: "I do not have it, but the prince of the sea does."	—	—	Testament of Solomon 1-5 وصية سليمان بن داود الذي ملك في أورشليم وسخّر كل الأرواح الهوائية والأرضية والمائية. لما كان يبني الهيكل أتاه روح مؤذٍ فأعطاه الله خاتماً عليه اسم الله ليسخّر به الشياطين. Testament of Solomon, son of David, who reigned in Jerusalem, and mastered all spirits of the air, on the earth, and under the earth. When he was building the Temple, a troublesome spirit came. God gave him a ring inscribed with His name, by which he could command the demons.
Command over Supernatural Beings التسخير	—	—	—	—	—	Bundahishn 30:1-4 إنّ الملك جمشيد (يِما خشئيتا) حكم الدّيوَة (الشياطين) والبشر والطيور، فسخّرهم جميعاً بفرّته الإلهية (خفرنه). وفي عهده لم يكن هناك موت ولا مرض ولا جوع، وكانت المخلوقات كلّها في خدمته ثلاثمئة سنة. King Jamshid (Yima Xshaeta) ruled over the daevas (demons), men, and birds, and subjugated them all by his divine glory (Khvarenah). In his reign there was neither death nor disease nor hunger, and all creatures were in his service for three hundred years.	—
Temple Built After Solomon بناء هيكل على طريقة سليمان	—	—	—	—	2 Nephi 5:16 وأنا نافي بنيت هيكلاً، وبنيته على طريقة هيكل سليمان، إلّا أنه لم يُبنَ من كثير من الأشياء الثمينة لأنها لم تكن موجودة في الأرض. ولذلك لم يُمكن بناؤه مثل هيكل سليمان. ولكنّ طريقة بنائه كانت كطريقة هيكل سليمان، وصنعته كان فائقاً جدّاً. "And I, Nephi, did build a temple; and I did construct it after the manner of the temple of Solomon save it were not built of so many precious things; for they were not to be found upon the land. But the manner of the construction was like unto the temple of Solomon; and the workmanship thereof was exceedingly fine."	—	—
Solomon's Wives Condemned إدانة تعدّد زوجات سليمان	—	—	—	—	Jacob 2:23-24 لكنّ كلمة الله تُثقلني بسبب شهواتكم وفواحشكم الأعظم. لأنّ الرب الإله قال: هذا الشعب بدأ يكثر في الإثم، وهم لا يفهمون الكتب المقدسة لأنهم يسعون إلى تبرير أنفسهم بفعل ما فعله داود وسليمان ابنه من تعدّد الزوجات والسراري. "But the word of God burdens me because of your grosser crimes. For behold, thus saith the Lord: This people begin to wax in iniquity; they understand not the scriptures, for they seek to excuse themselves in committing whoredoms, because of the things which were written concerning David, and Solomon his son. Behold, David and Solomon truly had many wives and concubines, which thing was abominable before me, saith the Lord."	—	—