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Abraham (Ibrahim)

إبراهيم (أبو الأنبياء)

c. 2000–1800 BCE

Abraham is the patriarch of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam — the three Abrahamic faiths. Called "Khalil Allah" (Friend of God) in Islam, he is revered for his unwavering monotheism, his willingness to sacrifice his son, and his role in building the Kaaba.

Timeline

2000 BCE
Birth in Ur
أور الكلدانيين (العراق)

Born in Ur of the Chaldeans (modern Iraq) to Azar/Terah

1975 BCE
Rejects idolatry
تحطيم الأصنام

Challenges his father and people's idol worship, destroys the idols

1960 BCE
Thrown into the fire
إلقاؤه في النار

King Nimrod orders him cast into fire; God makes the fire cool and peaceful

1950 BCE
Migration to Canaan
الهجرة إلى كنعان

God's call: "Leave your country..." — Migrates to the land of Canaan (Palestine)

1940 BCE
Journey to Egypt
الرحلة إلى مصر

Travels to Egypt during famine; God protects Sarah

1930 BCE
Covenant with God
العهد مع الله

God establishes covenant: his descendants will be as numerous as the stars

1920 BCE
Birth of Ishmael
ولادة إسماعيل

Hagar bears Ishmael (Ismail), Abraham's firstborn son

1910 BCE
Circumcision covenant
عهد الختان

God institutes circumcision as sign of the covenant

1905 BCE
Angels visit / Lot's rescue
زيارة الملائكة / إنقاذ لوط

Angels announce Isaac's birth and warn of Sodom's destruction

1904 BCE
Birth of Isaac
ولادة إسحاق

Sarah bears Isaac (Ishaq) in their old age

1890 BCE
The Sacrifice
الذبح العظيم

God commands Abraham to sacrifice his son; a ram is substituted (Eid al-Adha)

1880 BCE
Building the Kaaba
بناء الكعبة

Abraham and Ishmael raise the foundations of the Kaaba in Mecca (Quran 2:127)

Scripture Comparison

Theme
الموضوع
Quran
القرآن الكريم
Torah / Old Testament
التوراة
New Testament
العهد الجديد
Talmud / Midrash
التلمود / المدراش
Book of Mormon
كتاب مورمون
Avesta
الأفستا
Gnostic Texts
النصوص الغنوصية
Rejection of Idolatry
رفض عبادة الأصنام
Al-Anbiya 21:51-58
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ رُشْدَهُ مِن قَبْلُ وَكُنَّا بِهِ عَالِمِينَ ﴿٥١﴾ إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ مَا هَـٰذِهِ التَّمَاثِيلُ الَّتِي أَنتُمْ لَهَا عَاكِفُونَ ﴿٥٢﴾ قَالُوا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا لَهَا عَابِدِينَ ﴿٥٣﴾ قَالَ لَقَدْ كُنتُمْ أَنتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُمْ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴿٥٤﴾
And We had certainly given Abraham his sound judgement before, and We were of him well-Knowing (51) When he said to his father and his people, "What are these statues to which you are devoted?" (52) They said, "We found our fathers worshippers of them." (53) He said, "You were certainly, you and your fathers, in manifest error." (54)
Al-An'am 6:74-79
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ آزَرَ أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصْنَامًا آلِهَةً ۖ إِنِّي أَرَاكَ وَقَوْمَكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴿٧٤﴾ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُرِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ مَلَكُوتَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلِيَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُوقِنِينَ ﴿٧٥﴾ فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ رَأَىٰ كَوْكَبًا ۖ قَالَ هَـٰذَا رَبِّي ۖ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ قَالَ لَا أُحِبُّ الْآفِلِينَ ﴿٧٦﴾
And [mention] when Abraham said to his father Azar, "Do you take idols as deities? Indeed, I see you and your people in manifest error." (74) And thus did We show Abraham the realm of the heavens and the earth that he would be among the certain [in faith]. (75) So when the night covered him, he saw a star. He said, "This is my lord." But when it set, he said, "I like not those that disappear." (76)
Maryam 19:41-48
وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صِدِّيقًا نَّبِيًّا ﴿٤١﴾ إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ وَلَا يُبْصِرُ وَلَا يُغْنِي عَنكَ شَيْئًا ﴿٤٢﴾ يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي قَدْ جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِكَ فَاتَّبِعْنِي أَهْدِكَ صِرَاطًا سَوِيًّا ﴿٤٣﴾ قَالَ أَرَاغِبٌ أَنتَ عَنْ آلِهَتِي يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ۖ لَئِن لَّمْ تَنتَهِ لَأَرْجُمَنَّكَ ﴿٤٦﴾ قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ ۖ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي ﴿٤٧﴾
And mention in the Book [the story of] Abraham. Indeed, he was a man of truth and a prophet. (41) When he said to his father, "O my father, why do you worship that which does not hear and does not see and will not benefit you at all? (42) O my father, indeed there has come to me of knowledge that which has not come to you, so follow me; I will guide you to an even path." (43) He said, "Have you no desire for my gods, O Abraham? If you do not desist, I will surely stone you." (46) [Abraham] said, "Peace will be upon you. I will ask forgiveness for you of my Lord." (47)
Acts 7:2-4
إِلهُ الْمَجْدِ ظَهَرَ لأَبِينَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَهُوَ فِي مَا بَيْنَ النَّهْرَيْنِ، قَبْلَمَا سَكَنَ فِي حَارَانَ وَقَالَ لَهُ: اخْرُجْ مِنْ أَرْضِكَ وَمِنْ عَشِيرَتِكَ، وَهَلُمَّ إِلَى الأَرْضِ الَّتِي أُرِيكَ.
The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Harran. "Leave your country and your people," God said, "and go to the land I will show you."
Bereishit Rabbah 38:13
قال رابي חייא: كان تارح صانع أصنام. خرج مرّة وترك إبراهيم يبيعها. جاء رجل وقال: أريد أن أشتري صنماً. قال له إبراهيم: كم عمرك؟ قال: خمسون سنة. قال إبراهيم: ويل لمن عمره خمسون ويعبد ما صُنع في يوم!
Rabbi Hiyya said: Terah was a maker of idols. He once went away and left Abraham to sell them. A man came and wished to buy one. Abraham asked, "How old are you?" He said, "Fifty years." Abraham said, "Woe to him who is fifty yet worships a thing made in a day!"
Denkard 7:2.3-6
إنّ زرادشت، حين كان في بطن أمّه، أشعّ نوراً عظيماً أضاء القرية بأسرها. وحين وُلد ضحك بدل البكاء. وحطّم الكهنةُ الأصنام التي حوله فلم ينلها ضرر، فعلموا أنّه مؤيّد من أهورا مزدا، وأنّ عبادة الأوثان باطلة.
When Zarathustra was in his mother's womb, a great light radiated that illuminated the whole village. When he was born, he laughed instead of crying. The idolatrous priests tried to destroy him, but no harm came to him, and they knew he was upheld by Ahura Mazda, and that idol worship was vain.
Apocalypse of Abraham 1-8
في يوم من الأيام بينما كنت أسقي آلهة أبي تارح... سقط الإله الحجري المسمّى ماروماث على وجهه... فقلت في قلبي: إن كان لا يستطيع أن ينقذ نفسه ويرفع رأسه، فكيف يمكنه أن يخدم الإنسان أو يستجيب لصلاته؟
One day while I was watering the gods of my father Terah… the stone god called Marumath fell on its face… I said in my heart: If it cannot save itself and raise its head, how can it serve man or answer his prayer?
The Call
الدعوة
Genesis 12:1-4
وَقَالَ الرَّبُّ لأَبْرَامَ: «اذْهَبْ مِنْ أَرْضِكَ وَمِنْ عَشِيرَتِكَ وَمِنْ بَيْتِ أَبِيكَ إِلَى الأَرْضِ الَّتِي أُرِيكَ. فَأَجْعَلَكَ أُمَّةً عَظِيمَةً وَأُبَارِكَكَ وَأُعَظِّمَ اسْمَكَ، وَتَكُونَ بَرَكَةً. وَأُبَارِكُ مُبَارِكِيكَ، وَلاعِنَكَ أَلْعَنُهُ. وَتَتَبَارَكُ فِيكَ جَمِيعُ قَبَائِلِ الأَرْضِ». فَذَهَبَ أَبْرَامُ كَمَا قَالَ لَهُ الرَّبُّ.
The LORD had said to Abram, "Go from your country, your people and your father's household to the land I will show you. I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you." So Abram went, as the LORD had told him.
Nehemiah 9:7-8
أَنْتَ هُوَ الرَّبُّ الإِلهُ الَّذِي اخْتَرْتَ أَبْرَامَ وَأَخْرَجْتَهُ مِنْ أُورِ الْكَلْدَانِيِّينَ وَجَعَلْتَ اسْمَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَوَجَدْتَ قَلْبَهُ أَمِينًا أَمَامَكَ وَقَطَعْتَ مَعَهُ الْعَهْدَ.
You are the LORD God, who chose Abram and brought him out of Ur of the Chaldeans and named him Abraham. You found his heart faithful before you, and you made a covenant with him.
Hebrews 11:8-10
بِالإِيمَانِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لَمَّا دُعِيَ أَطَاعَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي كَانَ عَتِيدًا أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ مِيرَاثًا، فَخَرَجَ وَهُوَ لاَ يَعْلَمُ إِلَى أَيْنَ يَأْتِي. بِالإِيمَانِ تَغَرَّبَ فِي أَرْضِ الْمَوْعِدِ كَأَنَّهَا غَرِيبَةٌ.
By faith Abraham, when called to go to a place he would later receive as his inheritance, obeyed and went, even though he did not know where he was going. By faith he made his home in the promised land like a stranger in a foreign country.
The Covenant
العهد
Al-Baqarah 2:124-127
وَإِذِ ابْتَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا ۖ قَالَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ قَالَ لَا يَنَالُ عَهْدِي الظَّالِمِينَ ﴿١٢٤﴾ وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى ﴿١٢٥﴾ وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴿١٢٧﴾
And [mention] when Abraham was tried by his Lord with commands and he fulfilled them. [Allah] said, "Indeed, I will make you a leader for the people." [Abraham] said, "And of my descendants?" [Allah] said, "My covenant does not include the wrongdoers." (124) And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. (125) And when Abraham was raising the foundations of the House and [with him] Ishmael, [saying], "Our Lord, accept [this] from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the Knowing." (127)
Al-Baqarah 2:260
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ ۖ قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِن ۖ قَالَ بَلَىٰ وَلَـٰكِن لِّيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي ۖ قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِّنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِّنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ثُمَّ ادْعُهُنَّ يَأْتِينَكَ سَعْيًا ۚ وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ﴿٢٦٠﴾
And [mention] when Abraham said, "My Lord, show me how You give life to the dead." [Allah] said, "Have you not believed?" He said, "Yes, but [I ask] only that my heart may be satisfied." [Allah] said, "Take four birds and commit them to yourself. Then put on each hill a portion of them; then call them — they will come [flying] to you in haste. And know that Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise." (260)
Ibrahim 14:35-41
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَـٰذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا وَاجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَن نَّعْبُدَ الْأَصْنَامَ ﴿٣٥﴾ رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيرًا مِّنَ النَّاسِ ۖ فَمَن تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي ﴿٣٦﴾ رَّبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنتُ مِن ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِندَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِّنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُم مِّنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ ﴿٣٧﴾
And [mention] when Abraham said, "My Lord, make this city [Makkah] secure and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols. (35) My Lord, indeed they have led astray many among the people. So whoever follows me — then he is of me. (36) Our Lord, I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House, our Lord, that they may establish prayer. So make hearts among the people incline toward them and provide for them from the fruits." (37)
Genesis 15:5-6, 18
ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهُ إِلَى خَارِجٍ وَقَالَ: «انْظُرْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَعُدَّ النُّجُومَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَعُدَّهَا». وَقَالَ لَهُ: «هكَذَا يَكُونُ نَسْلُكَ». فَآمَنَ بِالرَّبِّ فَحَسَبَهُ لَهُ بِرًّا. فِي ذلِكَ الْيَوْمِ قَطَعَ الرَّبُّ مَعَ أَبْرَامَ مِيثَاقًا قَائِلًا: «لِنَسْلِكَ أُعْطِي هذِهِ الأَرْضَ».
He took him outside and said, "Look up at the sky and count the stars—if indeed you can count them." Then he said to him, "So shall your offspring be." Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness. On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram and said, "To your descendants I give this land."
Genesis 17:1-8
وَلَمَّا كَانَ أَبْرَامُ ابْنَ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ سَنَةً ظَهَرَ الرَّبُّ لأَبْرَامَ وَقَالَ لَهُ: «أَنَا اللهُ الْقَدِيرُ. سِرْ أَمَامِي وَكُنْ كَامِلًا، فَأَجْعَلَ عَهْدِي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ، وَأُكَثِّرَكَ كَثِيرًا جِدًّا». فَلاَ يُدْعَى اسْمُكَ بَعْدُ أَبْرَامَ بَلْ يَكُونُ اسْمُكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، لأَنِّي أَجْعَلُكَ أَبًا لِجُمْهُورٍ مِنَ الأُمَمِ.
When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to him and said, "I am God Almighty; walk before me faithfully and be blameless. Then I will make my covenant between me and you and will greatly increase your numbers." No longer will you be called Abram; your name will be Abraham, for I have made you a father of many nations.
Romans 4:3, 16-17
لأَنَّهُ مَاذَا يَقُولُ الْكِتَابُ؟ «فَآمَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِاللهِ فَحُسِبَ لَهُ بِرًّا». لِذلِكَ هُوَ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ، كَيْ يَكُونَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ النِّعْمَةِ، لِيَكُونَ الْوَعْدُ وَطِيدًا لِجَمِيعِ النَّسْلِ.
For what does the Scripture say? "Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness." Therefore, the promise comes by faith, so that it may be by grace and may be guaranteed to all Abraham's offspring.
Galatians 3:6-9
كَمَا «آمَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِاللهِ فَحُسِبَ لَهُ بِرًّا». اعْلَمُوا إِذًا أَنَّ الَّذِينَ هُمْ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ أُولئِكَ هُمْ بَنُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ. وَالْكِتَابُ إِذْ سَبَقَ فَرَأَى أَنَّ اللهَ بِالإِيمَانِ يُبَرِّرُ الأُمَمَ، سَبَقَ فَبَشَّرَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنْ «فِيكَ تَتَبَارَكُ جَمِيعُ الأُمَمِ».
So also Abraham "believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham. Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: "All nations will be blessed through you."
Angels Visit & Promise of Isaac
زيارة الملائكة وبشارة إسحاق
Hud 11:69-73
وَلَقَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِالْبُشْرَىٰ قَالُوا سَلَامًا ۖ قَالَ سَلَامٌ ۖ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَن جَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ حَنِيذٍ ﴿٦٩﴾ فَلَمَّا رَأَىٰ أَيْدِيَهُمْ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ نَكِرَهُمْ وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً ۚ قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ ﴿٧٠﴾ وَامْرَأَتُهُ قَائِمَةٌ فَضَحِكَتْ فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِن وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَ ﴿٧١﴾
And certainly did Our messengers come to Abraham with good tidings; they said, "Peace." He said, "Peace," and did not delay in bringing [them] a roasted calf. (69) But when he saw their hands not reaching for it, he distrusted them and felt from them apprehension. They said, "Fear not. We have been sent to the people of Lot." (70) And his wife was standing, and she smiled. Then We gave her good tidings of Isaac, and after Isaac, Jacob. (71)
Adh-Dhariyat 51:24-30
هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ ﴿٢٤﴾ إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا ۖ قَالَ سَلَامٌ قَوْمٌ مُّنكَرُونَ ﴿٢٥﴾ فَرَاغَ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ فَجَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ سَمِينٍ ﴿٢٦﴾ فَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ أَلَا تَأْكُلُونَ ﴿٢٧﴾ فَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً ۖ قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ ۖ وَبَشَّرُوهُ بِغُلَامٍ عَلِيمٍ ﴿٢٨﴾ فَأَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فِي صَرَّةٍ فَصَكَّتْ وَجْهَهَا وَقَالَتْ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٌ ﴿٢٩﴾ قَالُوا كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ ۖ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴿٣٠﴾
Has there reached you the story of the honored guests of Abraham? (24) When they entered upon him and said, "[We greet you with] peace." He answered, "[And upon you] peace, [you are] a people unknown." (25) Then he went to his family and came with a fat [roasted] calf (26) And placed it near them; he said, "Will you not eat?" (27) And he felt from them apprehension. They said, "Fear not," and gave him good tidings of a learned boy. (28) And his wife approached with a cry and struck her face and said, "[I am] a barren old woman!" (29) They said, "Thus has said your Lord; indeed, He is the Wise, the Knowing." (30)
Genesis 18:1-3, 10-14
وَظَهَرَ لَهُ الرَّبُّ عِنْدَ بَلُّوطَاتِ مَمْرَا وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي بَابِ الْخَيْمَةِ وَقْتَ حَرِّ النَّهَارِ، فَرَفَعَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَنَظَرَ وَإِذَا ثَلاَثَةُ رِجَال وَاقِفُونَ لَدَيْهِ. فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْكَ نَحْوَ زَمَانِ الْحَيَاةِ وَيَكُونُ لِسَارَةَ امْرَأَتِكَ ابْنٌ». فَضَحِكَتْ سَارَةُ فِي بَاطِنِهَا.
The LORD appeared to Abraham near the great trees of Mamre while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent in the heat of the day. Abraham looked up and saw three men standing nearby. Then one of them said, "I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah your wife will have a son." Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent. Sarah laughed to herself.
Genesis 21:1-7
وَافْتَقَدَ الرَّبُّ سَارَةَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَفَعَلَ الرَّبُّ لِسَارَةَ كَمَا تَكَلَّمَ. فَحَبِلَتْ سَارَةُ وَوَلَدَتْ لإِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنًا فِي شَيْخُوخَتِهِ. وَقَالَتْ سَارَةُ: «قَدْ صَنَعَ إِلَيَّ اللهُ ضِحْكًا. كُلُّ مَنْ يَسْمَعُ يَضْحَكُ لِي».
Now the LORD was gracious to Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did for Sarah what he had promised. Sarah became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham in his old age. Sarah said, "God has brought me laughter, and everyone who hears about this will laugh with me."
The Sacrifice
الذبح العظيم
As-Saffat 37:100-111
رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ ﴿١٠٠﴾ فَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِغُلَامٍ حَلِيمٍ ﴿١٠١﴾ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْيَ قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي أَرَىٰ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ فَانظُرْ مَاذَا تَرَىٰ ۚ قَالَ يَا أَبَتِ افْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُ ۖ سَتَجِدُنِي إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ ﴿١٠٢﴾ فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَا وَتَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِينِ ﴿١٠٣﴾ وَنَادَيْنَاهُ أَن يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﴿١٠٤﴾ قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيَا ۚ إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ ﴿١٠٥﴾ إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَهُوَ الْبَلَاءُ الْمُبِينُ ﴿١٠٦﴾ وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ ﴿١٠٧﴾
"My Lord, grant me [a child] from among the righteous." (100) So We gave him good tidings of a forbearing boy. (101) And when he reached with him [the age of] exertion, he said, "O my son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I [must] sacrifice you, so see what you think." He said, "O my father, do as you are commanded. You will find me, if Allah wills, of the steadfast." (102) And when they had both submitted and he put him down upon his forehead, (103) We called to him, "O Abraham, (104) You have fulfilled the vision." Indeed, We thus reward the doers of good. (105) Indeed, this was the clear trial. (106) And We ransomed him with a great sacrifice. (107)
Genesis 22:1-2, 9-13
وَحَدَثَ بَعْدَ هذِهِ الأُمُورِ أَنَّ اللهَ امْتَحَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «خُذِ ابْنَكَ وَحِيدَكَ الَّذِي تُحِبُّهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَاذْهَبْ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْمُرِيَّا، وَأَصْعِدْهُ هُنَاكَ مُحْرَقَةً». فَمَدَّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَدَهُ وَأَخَذَ السِّكِّينَ لِيَذْبَحَ ابْنَهُ. فَنَادَاهُ مَلاَكُ الرَّبِّ: «لاَ تَمُدَّ يَدَكَ إِلَى الْغُلاَمِ». فَرَفَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَيْنَيْهِ وَنَظَرَ وَإِذَا كَبْشٌ وَرَاءَهُ مُمْسَكًا فِي الْغَابَةِ بِقَرْنَيْهِ، فَأَصْعَدَهُ مُحْرَقَةً عِوَضًا عَنِ ابْنِهِ.
Some time later God tested Abraham. He said to him, "Take your son, your only son, whom you love—Isaac—and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering." Abraham reached out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. But the angel of the LORD called out to him: "Do not lay a hand on the boy." Abraham looked up and there in a thicket he saw a ram caught by its horns. He went over and took the ram and sacrificed it as a burnt offering instead of his son.
Hebrews 11:17-19
بِالإِيمَانِ قَدَّمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِسْحَاقَ وَهُوَ مُجَرَّبٌ. قَدَّمَ الَّذِي قَبِلَ الْمَوَاعِيدَ، وَحِيدَهُ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُ: «إِنَّهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ يُدْعَى لَكَ نَسْلٌ». إِذْ حَسِبَ أَنَّ اللهَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى الإِقَامَةِ مِنَ الأَمْوَاتِ أَيْضًا.
By faith Abraham, when God tested him, offered Isaac as a sacrifice. He who had embraced the promises was about to sacrifice his one and only son, even though God had said to him, "It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned." Abraham reasoned that God could even raise the dead.
James 2:21-23
أَلَمْ يَتَبَرَّرْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَبُونَا بِالأَعْمَالِ، إِذْ قَدَّمَ إِسْحَاقَ ابْنَهُ عَلَى الْمَذْبَحِ؟ فَتَرَى أَنَّ الإِيمَانَ عَمِلَ مَعَ أَعْمَالِهِ، وَبِالأَعْمَالِ أُكْمِلَ الإِيمَانُ. وَتَمَّ الْكِتَابُ الْقَائِلُ: «فَآمَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِاللهِ فَحُسِبَ لَهُ بِرًّا» وَدُعِيَ خَلِيلَ اللهِ.
Was not our father Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar? You see that his faith and his actions were working together, and his faith was made complete by what he did. And the scripture was fulfilled that says, "Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness," and he was called God's friend.
Friend of God
خليل الله
An-Nahl 16:120-123
إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِّلَّهِ حَنِيفًا وَلَمْ يَكُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ﴿١٢٠﴾ شَاكِرًا لِّأَنْعُمِهِ ۚ اجْتَبَاهُ وَهَدَاهُ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ ﴿١٢١﴾ وَآتَيْنَاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً ۖ وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ ﴿١٢٢﴾ ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا ﴿١٢٣﴾
Indeed, Abraham was a [comprehensive] leader, devoutly obedient to Allah, inclining toward truth, and he was not of those who associate others with Allah. (120) [He was] grateful for His favors. Allah chose him and guided him to a straight path. (121) And We gave him good in this world, and indeed, in the Hereafter he will be among the righteous. (122) Then We revealed to you, [O Muhammad], to follow the religion of Abraham, inclining toward truth. (123)
Isaiah 41:8; 2 Chronicles 20:7
وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا إِسْرَائِيلُ عَبْدِي، يَا يَعْقُوبُ الَّذِي اخْتَرْتُهُ، نَسْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلِي. (إشعياء ٤١:٨) أَلَسْتَ أَنْتَ إِلهَنَا الَّذِي طَرَدْتَ سُكَّانَ هذِهِ الأَرْضِ مِنْ أَمَامِ شَعْبِكَ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَأَعْطَيْتَهَا لِنَسْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلِكَ إِلَى الأَبَدِ؟ (أخبار الأيام الثاني ٢٠:٧)
"But you, Israel, my servant, Jacob, whom I have chosen, you descendants of Abraham my friend." (Isaiah 41:8) "Our God, did you not drive out the inhabitants of this land before your people Israel and give it forever to the descendants of Abraham your friend?" (2 Chronicles 20:7)
John 8:56-58
أَبُوكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ تَهَلَّلَ بِأَنْ يَرَى يَوْمِي فَرَأَى وَفَرِحَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْيَهُودُ: «لَيْسَ لَكَ خَمْسُونَ سَنَةً بَعْدُ، أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؟» قَالَ لَهُمْ يَسُوعُ: «الْحَقَّ الْحَقَّ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَنَا كَائِنٌ».
"Your father Abraham rejoiced at the thought of seeing my day; he saw it and was glad." "You are not yet fifty years old," they said to him, "and you have seen Abraham!" "Very truly I tell you," Jesus answered, "before Abraham was born, I am!"
Trial by Fire
الإلقاء في النار
Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer 26
أخذ نمرود إبراهيم وألقاه في أتون النار. لكن الله القدوس تبارك وتعالى نزل وأنقذه. وهذا هو ما قيل: "أنا الرب الذي أخرجك من أور الكلدانيين" — أي من نار الكلدانيين.
Nimrod took Abraham and cast him into a furnace of fire. But the Holy One, blessed be He, descended and saved him. And this is what is said: "I am the Lord who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans" (Genesis 15:7) — meaning, from the fire of the Chaldeans.
Covenant with God
العهد مع الله
Nedarim 32a
قال رابي أبّاهو بن زعيرا: قال إبراهيم أمام الله القدوس تبارك وتعالى: ربّ العالمين، لعلّ بنو إسرائيل يُخطئون أمامك وتفعل بهم كما فعلت بجيل الطوفان وجيل التشتّت؟ قال له: لا.
Rabbi Abbahu bar Zeira said: Abraham said before the Holy One, blessed be He: "Master of the Universe, perhaps Israel will sin before You and You will do to them as You did to the generation of the Flood and the generation of the Dispersion?" He said to him: "No."
1 Nephi 22:9
وأقوم بعمل عجيب بين بني البشر... حتى تتحقق العهود التي أقطعتها لأبيكم إبراهيم قائلاً: بنسلك تتبارك جميع قبائل الأرض.
"And I will do a marvelous work among the children of men… that the covenants which I have made unto your father Abraham might be fulfilled, saying: In thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed."