David (Dawud)

داود

c. 1040–970 BCE

King and prophet of Israel. Killed the giant Goliath (Jalut) as a youth. Given the Zabur (Psalms). Known for his beautiful voice praising God — mountains and birds joined his worship. Also known for his repentance and justice.

Timeline

1040 BCE

Born in Bethlehem

الولادة في بيت لحم

Born as the youngest son of Jesse in Bethlehem

1025 BCE

Anointed by Samuel

مسحه النبي صموئيل

The prophet Samuel anoints the young shepherd David as future king of Israel

1024 BCE

Slays Goliath

قتل جالوت

As a youth, David defeats the giant Goliath (Jalut) with a sling and stone

1010 BCE

Becomes King of Israel

يصبح ملكاً على إسرائيل

After years of exile and conflict, David is crowned king over all Israel

1005 BCE

Receives the Psalms (Zabur)

إيتاء الزبور

God gives David the Zabur (Psalms); mountains and birds glorify God with him

1000 BCE

Builds Jerusalem as capital

بناء أورشليم عاصمة

Conquers Jerusalem and establishes it as the capital and spiritual center of his kingdom

990 BCE

Repentance

التوبة

David is tested, falls into sin, then turns to God in deep repentance and is forgiven

Scripture Comparison

Theme الموضوع	Quran القرآن الكريم	Torah / Old Testament التوراة	New Testament العهد الجديد	Talmud / Midrash التلمود / المدراش	Book of Mormon كتاب مورمون	Avesta الأفستا	Gnostic Texts النصوص الغنوصية
Slaying Goliath قتل جالوت	Al-Baqarah 2:249-251 فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِالْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٍ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي وَمَن لَّمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي إِلَّا مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ ۚ فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّنْهُمْ ۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ قَالُوا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ ۚ قَالَ الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَاقُو اللَّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ ﴿٢٤٩﴾ وَلَمَّا بَرَزُوا لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَانصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ ﴿٢٥٠﴾ فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ ﴿٢٥١﴾ When Talut (Saul) went forth with the soldiers, he said, "Indeed, Allah will be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it is not of me, and whoever does not taste it is indeed of me, excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand." So they drank from it, except a [very] few of them. Then when he had crossed it along with those who believed with him, they said, "There is no power for us today against Goliath and his soldiers." But those who were certain that they would meet Allah said, "How many a small company has overcome a large company by permission of Allah. And Allah is with the patient." (249) And when they went forth to [face] Goliath and his soldiers, they said, "Our Lord, pour upon us patience and plant firmly our feet and give us victory over the disbelieving people." (250) So they defeated them by permission of Allah, and David killed Goliath, and Allah gave him the kingship and wisdom and taught him from that which He willed. (251)	1 Samuel 17:40-50 فَأَخَذَ عَصَاهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَانْتَخَبَ لَهُ خَمْسَةَ حِجَارَةٍ مُلْسٍ مِنَ الْوَادِي وَوَضَعَهَا فِي كِنْفِ الرُّعَاةِ الَّذِي لَهُ وَمِقْلاَعُهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَتَقَدَّمَ نَحْوَ الْفِلِسْطِينِيِّ. فَقَالَ الْفِلِسْطِينِيُّ لِدَاوُدَ: «أَلَعَلِّي أَنَا كَلْبٌ حَتَّى إِنَّكَ تَأْتِي إِلَيَّ بِعِصِيٍّ؟» فَقَالَ دَاوُدُ لِلْفِلِسْطِينِيِّ: «أَنْتَ تَأْتِي إِلَيَّ بِسَيْفٍ وَبِرُمْحٍ وَبِتُرْسٍ، وَأَنَا آتِي إِلَيْكَ بِاسْمِ رَبِّ الْجُنُودِ». فَمَدَّ دَاوُدُ يَدَهُ إِلَى الْكِنْفِ وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ حَجَرًا وَرَمَاهُ بِالْمِقْلاَعِ، فَضَرَبَ الْفِلِسْطِينِيَّ فِي جَبْهَتِهِ، فَارْتَزَّ الْحَجَرُ فِي جَبْهَتِهِ وَسَقَطَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ إِلَى الأَرْضِ. فَتَمَكَّنَ دَاوُدُ مِنَ الْفِلِسْطِينِيِّ بِالْمِقْلاَعِ وَالْحَجَرِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ سَيْفٌ بِيَدِ دَاوُدَ. Then he took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream, put them in the pouch of his shepherd's bag and, with his sling in his hand, approached the Philistine. The Philistine said to David, "Am I a dog, that you come at me with sticks?" David said to the Philistine, "You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD Almighty." David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone. He slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground. So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone; without a sword in his hand.	Hebrews 11:32-34 وَمَاذَا أَقُولُ أَيْضًا؟ لأَنَّهُ يُعْوِزُنِي الْوَقْتُ إِنْ أَخْبَرْتُ عَنْ جِدْعُونَ، وَبَارَاقَ، وَشَمْشُونَ، وَيَفْتَاحَ، وَدَاوُدَ، وَصَمُوئِيلَ، وَالأَنْبِيَاءِ، الَّذِينَ بِالإِيمَانِ قَهَرُوا مَمَالِكَ، صَنَعُوا بِرًّا، نَالُوا مَوَاعِيدَ، سَدُّوا أَفْوَاهَ أُسُودٍ، أَطْفَأُوا قُوَّةَ النَّارِ، نَجَوْا مِنْ حَدِّ السَّيْفِ، تَقَوَّوْا مِنْ ضُعْفٍ، صَارُوا أَشِدَّاءَ فِي الْحَرْبِ. And what more shall I say? I do not have time to tell about Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel and the prophets, who through faith conquered kingdoms, administered justice, and gained what was promised; who shut the mouths of lions, quenched the fury of the flames, and escaped the edge of the sword; whose weakness was turned to strength; and who became powerful in battle.	—	—	—	—
The Psalms الزبور	Saba 34:10-11 وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ مِنَّا فَضْلًا ۖ يَا جِبَالُ أَوِّبِي مَعَهُ وَالطَّيْرَ ۖ وَأَلَنَّا لَهُ الْحَدِيدَ ﴿١٠﴾ أَنِ اعْمَلْ سَابِغَاتٍ وَقَدِّرْ فِي السَّرْدِ ۖ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحًا ۖ إِنِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ﴿١١﴾ And We certainly gave David from Us bounty. [We said], "O mountains, repeat [Our] praises with him, and the birds [as well]." And We made pliable for him iron, (10) [Commanding him], "Make full coats of mail and calculate [precisely] the links, and work [all of you] righteousness. Indeed I, of what you do, am Seeing." (11) Al-Anbiya 21:78-80 وَدَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ ﴿٧٨﴾ فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ ۚ وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَسَخَّرْنَا مَعَ دَاوُودَ الْجِبَالَ يُسَبِّحْنَ وَالطَّيْرَ ۚ وَكُنَّا فَاعِلِينَ ﴿٧٩﴾ وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ صَنْعَةَ لَبُوسٍ لَّكُمْ لِتُحْصِنَكُم مِّن بَأْسِكُمْ ۖ فَهَلْ أَنتُمْ شَاكِرُونَ ﴿٨٠﴾ And [mention] David and Solomon, when they judged concerning the field — when the sheep of a people overran it [at night], and We were witness to their judgement. (78) And We gave understanding of the case to Solomon, and to each [of them] We gave judgement and knowledge. And We subjected the mountains to exalt [Us], along with David and [also] the birds. And We were the doer [of all that]. (79) And We taught him the fashioning of coats of armor for you to protect you from your [enemy in] battle. So will you then be grateful? (80)	Psalms 23:1-6 اَلرَّبُّ رَاعِيَّ فَلاَ يُعْوِزُنِي شَيْءٌ. فِي مَرَاعٍ خُضْرٍ يُرْبِضُنِي. إِلَى مِيَاهِ الرَّاحَةِ يُورِدُنِي. يَرُدُّ نَفْسِي. يَهْدِينِي إِلَى سُبُلِ الْبِرِّ مِنْ أَجْلِ اسْمِهِ. أَيْضًا إِذَا سِرْتُ فِي وَادِي ظِلِّ الْمَوْتِ لاَ أَخَافُ شَرًّا، لأَنَّكَ أَنْتَ مَعِي. عَصَاكَ وَعُكَّازُكَ هُمَا يُعَزِّيَانِنِي. تُرَتِّبُ قُدَّامِي مَائِدَةً تُجَاهَ مُضَايِقِيَّ. مَسَحْتَ بِالدُّهْنِ رَأْسِي. كَأْسِي رَيَّا. إِنَّمَا خَيْرٌ وَرَحْمَةٌ يَتْبَعَانِنِي كُلَّ أَيَّامِ حَيَاتِي، وَأَسْكُنُ فِي بَيْتِ الرَّبِّ إِلَى مَدَى الأَيَّامِ. The LORD is my shepherd, I lack nothing. He makes me lie down in green pastures, he leads me beside quiet waters, he refreshes my soul. He guides me along the right paths for his name's sake. Even though I walk through the darkest valley, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. Surely your goodness and love will follow me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in the house of the LORD forever.	Acts 13:22 ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ وَأَقَامَ لَهُمْ دَاوُدَ مَلِكًا، الَّذِي شَهِدَ لَهُ أَيْضًا إِذْ قَالَ: وَجَدْتُ دَاوُدَ بْنَ يَسَّى رَجُلًا حَسَبَ قَلْبِي، الَّذِي سَيَصْنَعُ كُلَّ مَشِيئَتِي. After removing Saul, he made David their king. God testified concerning him: "I have found David son of Jesse, a man after my own heart; he will do everything I want him to do."	—	—	—	—
Kingdom & Repentance الملك والتوبة	Sad 38:17-26 اصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَاذْكُرْ عَبْدَنَا دَاوُودَ ذَا الْأَيْدِ ۖ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ﴿١٧﴾ إِنَّا سَخَّرْنَا الْجِبَالَ مَعَهُ يُسَبِّحْنَ بِالْعَشِيِّ وَالْإِشْرَاقِ ﴿١٨﴾ وَالطَّيْرَ مَحْشُورَةً ۖ كُلٌّ لَّهُ أَوَّابٌ ﴿١٩﴾ وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ ﴿٢٠﴾ وَهَلْ أَتَاكَ نَبَأُ الْخَصْمِ إِذْ تَسَوَّرُوا الْمِحْرَابَ ﴿٢١﴾ إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَىٰ دَاوُودَ فَفَزِعَ مِنْهُمْ ۖ قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ ۖ خَصْمَانِ بَغَىٰ بَعْضُنَا عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ فَاحْكُم بَيْنَنَا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تُشْطِطْ وَاهْدِنَا إِلَىٰ سَوَاءِ الصِّرَاطِ ﴿٢٢﴾ وَظَنَّ دَاوُودُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّاهُ فَاسْتَغْفَرَ رَبَّهُ وَخَرَّ رَاكِعًا وَأَنَابَ ۩ ﴿٢٤﴾ فَغَفَرْنَا لَهُ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ وَإِنَّ لَهُ عِندَنَا لَزُلْفَىٰ وَحُسْنَ مَآبٍ ﴿٢٥﴾ يَا دَاوُودُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُم بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ﴿٢٦﴾ Be patient over what they say and remember Our servant, David, the possessor of strength; indeed, he was one who repeatedly turned back [to Allah]. (17) Indeed, We subjected the mountains [to praise] with him, exalting [Allah] in the [late] afternoon and [after] sunrise. (18) And the birds were assembled, all with him repeating [praises]. (19) And We strengthened his kingdom and gave him wisdom and discernment in speech. (20) And has there come to you the news of the adversaries, when they climbed over the wall of [his] prayer chamber — (21) When they entered upon David and he was alarmed by them? They said, "Fear not. [We are] two adversaries, one of whom has wronged the other, so judge between us with truth and do not exceed [it] and guide us to the sound path." (22) And David became certain that We had tried him, and he asked forgiveness of his Lord and fell down bowing [in prostration] and turned in repentance [to Allah]. (24) So We forgave him that; and indeed, for him is nearness to Us and a good place of return. (25) [We said], "O David, indeed We have made you a successor upon the earth, so judge between the people in truth and do not follow [your own] desire, as it will lead you astray from the way of Allah." (26)	2 Samuel 7:8-16 فَالآنَ هكَذَا تَقُولُ لِعَبْدِي دَاوُدَ: هكَذَا قَالَ رَبُّ الْجُنُودِ: أَنَا أَخَذْتُكَ مِنَ الْمَرْبَضِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْغَنَمِ لِتَكُونَ رَئِيسًا عَلَى شَعْبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ. وَكُنْتُ مَعَكَ حَيْثُمَا تَوَجَّهْتَ، وَقَرَضْتُ جَمِيعَ أَعْدَائِكَ مِنْ أَمَامِكَ. وَعَمِلْتُ لَكَ اسْمًا عَظِيمًا كَاسْمِ الْعُظَمَاءِ الَّذِينَ فِي الأَرْضِ. وَمَتَى كَمُلَتْ أَيَّامُكَ وَاضْطَجَعْتَ مَعَ آبَائِكَ، أُقِيمُ بَعْدَكَ نَسْلَكَ الَّذِي يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَحْشَائِكَ وَأُثَبِّتُ مَمْلَكَتَهُ. أَنَا أَكُونُ لَهُ أَبًا وَهُوَ يَكُونُ لِيَ ابْنًا. وَبَيْتُكَ وَمَمْلَكَتُكَ أَمَامَكَ إِلَى الأَبَدِ. كُرْسِيُّكَ يَكُونُ ثَابِتًا إِلَى الأَبَدِ. "Now then, tell my servant David, 'This is what the LORD Almighty says: I took you from the pasture, from tending the flock, and appointed you ruler over my people Israel. I have been with you wherever you have gone, and I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the greatest men on earth. When your days are over and you rest with your ancestors, I will raise up your offspring to succeed you, who will come from your own body, and I will establish his kingdom. I will be his father, and he will be my son. Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever.'"	—	—	—	—	—
Psalms & Worship المزامير والعبادة	—	—	—	Berakhot 3b-4a كان داود يربط كنّارة (عود) فوق سريره. وعندما يأتي منتصف الليل تهبّ ريح الشمال وتعزف على الكنّارة فيستيقظ داود ويتلو التوراة والمزامير حتى طلوع الفجر. David used to tie a harp above his bed. When midnight arrived, the north wind would blow upon it and it would play by itself. David would arise and occupy himself with Torah and Psalms until the break of dawn.	—	—	—
Courage & Faith الشجاعة والإيمان	—	—	—	Sanhedrin 93b ما معنى "داود بن يِشاي عبد الرب"؟ قال رابي: القدوس تبارك وتعالى قال: داود يغنّي لي المزامير ويُمجّدني في الأرض كما تُمجّدني المخلوقات العلوية في السماء. What is the meaning of "David son of Jesse, servant of the Lord"? Rabbi said: The Holy One, blessed be He, said: David sings to Me psalms and glorifies Me on earth just as the heavenly creatures glorify Me in heaven.	—	—	—
Kingship & Prophecy الملك والنبوّة	—	—	—	—	2 Nephi 19:7 لنموّ رياسته وللسلام لا نهاية، على كرسي داود وعلى مملكته ليُثبّتها ويعضدها بالحقّ والبرّ من الآن إلى الأبد. "Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever."	—	—
Righteous Kingship الملك الصالح	—	—	—	—	—	Zamyad Yasht 19:70-72 وتلك الفرّة (الخفرنه) التي صاحبت الملوك الكيانيين، فجعلتهم أقوياء وشجعاناً وأصحاب حكم عادل... هي البركة الإلهية التي يمنحها أهورا مزدا للملوك العادلين حتى يحكموا بالأشا (الحقّ) ويحموا الناس من الظلم. And that glory (Khvarenah) which accompanied the Kayanian kings, making them strong, valiant, and just rulers… It is the divine blessing that Ahura Mazda bestows upon righteous kings so they may rule by Asha (Truth) and protect the people from injustice. Aban Yasht 5:132 صلّى الملك الصالح كاوي هوسرَوَه إلى أناهيتا عند بحيرة تشيتشاست، وقدّم لها مئة فرس ومئة ثور ومئة نعجة، وسألها أن تمنحه النصر والسيادة على كلّ الأقطار حتى يُقيم العدل. The righteous King Kavi Husravah prayed to Anahita at Lake Chaechasta, offering her a hundred horses, a hundred bulls, and a hundred sheep, and asked her to grant him victory and sovereignty over all the lands, so that he may establish justice.	—
Messianic King الملك المسيحاني	—	—	—	—	—	—	Psalms of Solomon 17:21-25 انظر يا ربّ وأقم لهم ملكهم، ابن داود، في الوقت الذي تعلمه أنت يا الله، ليملك على إسرائيل عبدك. واشدُد وسطه بالقوّة ليسحق الحكّام الظالمين. طهّر أورشليم من الأمم التي تدوسها بالدمار. "See, Lord, and raise up for them their king, the son of David, to rule over your servant Israel in the time known to you, O God. Undergird him with the strength to destroy the unrighteous rulers, to purge Jerusalem from gentiles who trample her to destruction."
Prophetic Biography سيرة نبوية	—	—	—	—	—	—	Lives of the Prophets, David داود كان من قبيلة يهوذا. وُلد في بيت لحم. وكان راعياً وعزف على القيثارة. وقتل الأسد والدبّ وجالوت الجبّار. وملك أربعين سنة. ومات وعمره سبعون سنة ودُفن بالقرب من بيت لحم. David was of the tribe of Judah. He was born in Bethlehem. He was a shepherd and played the harp. He killed the lion and the bear and Goliath the giant. He reigned forty years. He died at the age of seventy and was buried near Bethlehem.